Zvirwere zveNeurodegenerative(NDDs) dzinoonekwa nekurasikirwa kunoramba kuripo kana kuti kunoramba kuripo kwemapoka etsinga dzeuropi ari muuropi kana musana. Kurongwa kweNDDs kunogona kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kupararira kwemasero etsinga (zvakadai se extrapyramidal disorders, frontotemporal degeneration, kana spinocerebellar ataxias), primary molecular abnormalities (senge amyloid-β, prions, tau, kana α-synuclein), kana zviratidzo zvikuru (senge Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, uye dementia). Pasinei nekusiyana uku muzvikamu uye kuratidzwa kwezviratidzo, zvirwere zvakaita seParkinson's Disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), uye Alzheimer's Disease (AD) zvakafanana zvinotungamira mukusashanda zvakanaka kwetsinga uye kufa kwemasero pakupedzisira.
Nemamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose abatwa nezvirwere zveNDD, World Health Organization inofungidzira kuti panosvika gore ra2040, zvirwere izvi zvichave chikonzero chechipiri cherufu munyika dzakabudirira. Kunyange zvazvo kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa dziripo dzekuderedza nekutarisira zviratidzo zvine chekuita nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzikisa kana kurapa kufambira mberi kwezvirwere izvi hadzina kujeka. Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvinoratidza shanduko mumaitiro ekurapa kubva pakungotarisira zviratidzo kuenda pakushandisa nzira dzekudzivirira masero kudzivirira kuora zvakanyanya. Humbowo hwakawanda hunoratidza kuti kushushikana kwe oxidative nekuzvimba zvinoita basa guru mukuora kwetsinga, zvichiisa nzira idzi sezvinangwa zvakakosha zvekudzivirira masero. Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakiridzo yekutanga neyekiriniki yakaratidza kugona kweHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) mukurapa zvirwere zvinoora zvetsinga.
Kunzwisisa Kurapa Kweokisijeni NeHyperbaric (HBOT)
HBOT inowanzo sanganisira kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kusvika pamusoro pe1 absolute atmosphere (ATA) - kumanikidzwa pagungwa - kwenguva yemaminitsi 90-120, kazhinji kunoda nguva dzakawanda zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ari kurapwa. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakawedzerwa kunovandudza kuendeswa kweokisijeni kumasero, izvo zvinokurudzira kuwanda kwemasero ekutanga uye zvinowedzera maitiro ekuporesa anokonzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokura.
Pakutanga, kushandiswa kweHBOT kwakavakirwa pamutemo weBoyle-Marriott, uyo unoratidza kudzikiswa kwemabubble egasi zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa, pamwe chete nemabhenefiti ehuwandu hwakawanda hweokisijeni mumatishu. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinobatsira kubva mumamiriro ekupisa anokonzerwa neHBOT, kusanganisira matishu ane necrotic, kukuvara kwemwaranzi, kukuvadzwa, kutsva, compartment syndrome, uye gangrene yegasi, pakati pezvimwe zvakanyorwa neUndersea neHyperbaric Medical Society. Zvakakosha kuti HBOT yakaratidzawo kushanda kwayo semushonga wekuwedzera mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvinotapukira kana zvinotapukira, zvakaita secolitis nesepsis. Zvichienderana nemaitiro ayo ekudzivirira kuzvimba uye oxidative, HBOT inopa mukana wakakura senzira yekurapa zvirwere zvinoderedza tsinga.
Zvidzidzo zvePreclinical zveHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy muNeurodegenerative Diseases: Ruzivo kubva ku3×Tg Mouse Model
Chimwe chezvidzidzo zvinozivikanwaYakanyanya kutarisa pamhando yembeva ye3×Tg yechirwere cheAlzheimer's (AD), iyo yakaratidza kugona kweHBOT kurapa mukuderedza kushaya simba kwepfungwa. Tsvagiridzo iyi yaisanganisira mbeva dzechirume dze3×Tg dzine mwedzi gumi neminomwe dzekuberekwa dzichienzaniswa nembeva dzechirume dzeC57BL/6 dzine mwedzi gumi nemina dzekuberekwa dzinoshanda sevatongi. Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti HBOT haina kungovandudza mashandiro epfungwa chete asiwo yakaderedza zvakanyanya kuzvimba, plaque load, uye Tau phosphorylation—nzira yakakosha ine chekuita nechirwere cheAD.
Kudzivirira kweHBOT kwakakonzerwa nekudzikira kwekuzvimba kweuropi. Izvi zvakaratidzwa nekudzikira kwekukura kwe microglial, astrogliosis, uye kuburitswa kwe pro-inflammatory cytokines. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinosimbisa basa reHBOT mukuvandudza mashandiro epfungwa ukuwo panguva imwe chete zvichideredza maitiro e neuroinflammatory ane chekuita nechirwere cheAlzheimer.
Imwe modhi yekugadzirira kurapwa yakashandisa mbeva dze1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) kuti dziongorore mashandiro ekudzivirira eHBOT pakushanda kwetsinga dzeropa uye kugona kwekufamba kwemuviri. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti HBOT yakabatsira mukuwedzera kushanda kwemuviri uye simba rekubata mumbeva idzi, zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwechiratidzo chemitochondrial biogenesis, kunyanya kuburikidza nekushanda kweSIRT-1, PGC-1α, uye TFAM. Izvi zvinoratidza basa guru remitochondrial mumhedzisiro yekudzivirira kwetsinga dzeropa dzeHBOT.
Nzira dzeHBOT muzvirwere zveNeurodegenerative
Pfungwa huru yekushandisa HBOT yeNDDs iri muhukama huripo pakati pekushomeka kweokisijeni mumuviri uye mukana wekuchinja kwetsinga. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) inoita basa guru se transcription factor inogonesa masero kugadzirisa kugadzikana kweokisijeni kwakaderera uye yave ichibatanidzwa muzvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira AD, PD, Huntington's Disease, uye ALS, zvichiratidza kuti ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakurapa.
Nekuda kwekuti kukwegura kuri chinhu chikuru chinokonzera matambudziko akawanda etsinga, kuongorora kukanganiswa kweHBOT pahutano hwetsinga dzekukwegura kwakakosha. Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti HBOT inogona kuvandudza matambudziko ekufunga ane chekuita nezera muvanhu vakwegura vane hutano.Pamusoro pezvo, varwere vakwegura vane matambudziko ekurangarira zvakanyanya vakaratidza kuvandudzwa kwepfungwa uye kuwedzera kweropa muuropi mushure mekubatwa neHBOT.
1. Mhedzisiro yeHBOT pakuzvimba uye Oxidative Stress
HBOT yakaratidza kugona kuderedza kuzvimba kweuropi muvarwere vane dambudziko guru rekushanda kweuropi. Ine simba rekuderedza ma cytokines anokonzera kuzvimba (akadai seIL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, uye IFNγ) ukuwo ichideredza ma cytokines anodzivirira kuzvimba (akadai seIL-10). Vamwe vaongorori vanoti reactive oxygen species (ROS) inogadzirwa neHBOT inobatsira pakubatsira kwakawanda kwekurapa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunze kwekuita kwayo kuderedza kudzvanywa kwemabubbles uye kuwana oxygen yakawanda mumasero, mhedzisiro yakanaka yakabatana neHBOT inoenderana nebasa remuviri reROS inogadzirwa.
2. Mhedzisiro yeHBOT paApoptosis neNeuroprotection
Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti HBOT inogona kuderedza phosphorylation yep38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mu hippocampal, zvichizovandudza kugona kwekuziva uye kuderedza kukuvara kwe hippocampal. HBOT yega uye pamwe chete neGinkgo biloba extract zvakawanikwa zvichideredza kuratidzwa kweBax uye kushanda kwe caspase-9/3, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwe apoptosis mumakonzo anokonzerwa ne aβ25-35. Uyezve, imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti HBOT preconditioning yakakonzera kushivirira kurwisa cerebral ischemia, nenzira dzinosanganisira kuwedzera kwe SIRT1 expression, pamwe chete ne additional B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels uye kudzikira kwe active caspase-3, zvichisimbisa hunhu hweHBOT hwekudzivirira neurological uye anti-apoptotic.
3. Kupesvedzera kweHBOT paKutenderera kweropa uyeKuumbwa kwetsinga dzeropa
Kusangana nevanhu vane HBOT kwave kuchibatanidzwa nemhedzisiro yakawanda pahurongwa hwetsinga dzeropa dzemusoro, kusanganisira kuwedzera kupindira kweropa muuropi, kukurudzira angiogenesis, uye kuderedza kuzvimba. Pamusoro pekupa okisijeni yakawanda kumatishu, HBOTinokurudzira kuumbwa kwetsinga dzeropanekushandisa zvinhu zvinoita kuti masero etsinga akwanise kunyorwa se vascular endothelial growth factor uye nekukurudzira kuwanda kwemasero etsinga dzeuropi.
4. Mhedzisiro yeEpigenetic yeHBOT
Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kupararira kwemasero emukati meropa emuviri evanhu (HMEC-1) muokisijeni ine hyperbaric kunodzora zvakanyanya majini 8,101, kusanganisira kukwira kwemasero emuviri nekudzikira kwemasero emuviri, zvichiratidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemajini anobatanidzwa nemaitiro ekurwisa mabhakitiriya.
Mhedziso
Kushandiswa kweHBOT kwafambira mberi zvikuru nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiratidza kuwanikwa kwayo, kuvimbika kwayo, uye kuchengetedzeka kwayo mukurapa. Kunyange hazvo HBOT yave ichiongororwa senzira yekurapa isina kunyorwa yeNDDs uye kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakaitwa, pachine kudiwa kukuru kwezvidzidzo zvakasimba kuti maitiro eHBOT aenderane mukurapa zvirwere izvi. Tsvakurudzo yakawedzerwa inokosha kuti ione kuwanda kwekurapwa kwakakodzera uye kuongorora huwandu hwemigumisiro inobatsira kuvarwere.
Muchidimbu, kusangana kweokisijeni ine hyperbaric nezvirwere zvinoderedza mashandiro etsinga kunoratidza mukana wekurapa, zvichiita kuti pave nekuongororwa kwakawanda uye kusimbiswa munzvimbo dzekurapa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-16-2025